Philippe Grangier is head of the Quantum Optics group at Institut d’Optique in Palaiseau, France, and Professor at Ecole Polytechnique. In the 1980s he worked on experimental tests of Bell inequalities (with Alain Aspect), single-photon interferences, and interferometry using squeezed light. He has performed many experiments related to Quantum Information Processing: single atom qubits in microscopic optical tweezers, quantum cryptography using single photons or continuous variables, entanglement control in atomic and photonic quantum states. He authored more than 200 publications, including about 50 Letters published in Phys. Rev. Lett., Nature or Science. His achievements have been recognized by many national and international awards, including an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC). He has been the coordinator of several large European projects in the domains of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Processing, and he is currently the coordinator of SIRTEQ, a large collaborative network (2017-2020, 10 M€) gathering all researchers on Quantum Technologies in the Paris area (Ile-de-France).

Frédéric Grosshans obtained his PhD in 2003 from the Université Paris-Sud. He completed a postdoc at ULB before being awarded a Marie-Curie Fellowship at Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics. Since 2005 he has been a CNRS researcher. He is a founding member of PCQC, and will join the QI team at LIP6 in October 2018. He works on the theory of quantum continuous variable and relativistic cryptography and his main research interests are the development of practical cryptographic primitives based on physics. He is most well known for his co-invention of coherent state continuous variable cryptography in 2002. He has 30 publications with over 3800 citations and h-index 18 (GS), has participated in several national and international grants and has been awarded the La Recherche prize in 2005.

Christoph Pacher studied at the Technical University of Vienna where he received his doctorate in technical sciences in 2007. Since 2004 he is working for AIT. His main research areas are post-processing for quantum cryptography, quantum number generation and coding theory. He participated in several research projects where he laid his focus on algorithms for quantum key generation.

Michael Hentschel obtained his PhD in the field of laser technology from the Vienna University of Technology. To this end he worked on the optimization of femtosecond laser amplifiers and the generation of attosecond X-ray pulses. He spent 3 years in an Austrian laser company with R & D tasks in the field of ultrashort pulse lasers. Then he began his work on Quantum Information and Quantum Cryptography at the University of Vienna with Prof. Anton Zeilinger. Since the summer of 2009 he is working for AIT on various quantum cryptography projects.

Andreas Poppe returned to AIT at the end of 2019 and is part of the coordination team for OpenQKD as well as the project manager for QSAFE. His main interest is to prepare EuroQCI. He has 25 years of experience in experimental work in the field of nonlinear and quantum optics. Scientifically, his main achievements are the first demonstrations of sub-10-fs laser pulses with stabilized carrier-envelope phase ever and the first QKD-secured bank wire transfer. From 2003 to 2015 he has been working in the field of quantum optics with entangled photons, first at the University of Vienna, than at Austrian Institute of Technology, where he participated at the SECOQC project and organized the SECOQC conference in 2008. After that his main focus was to commercialize quantum products and enable quantum signal to be transmitted on the same fiber co-propagating with communication channels. At Huawei he pushed the integration of CV-QKD in commercial telecom infrastructure. He was awarded Senior membership at OSA in 2021. His 100 publications have been cited roughly 6000 times.

Roland Lieger received his PhD from the Vienna University of Technology in 2002 at the Institute for Computer Aided Automation. Since 2003 he is working as a software engineer at AIT, focusing on FPGA programming and real-time data-processing in general.

Petra Schaper-Rinkel has been a Senior Scientist at the AIT Austrian Institute of Technology since 2009, where she drives principally EU projects on science, technology and innovation policy and foresight. Prior to joining AIT, she was a senior lecturer at the Technical University of Berlin and a principal investigator at Freie Universität Berlin for five years. She earned her doctoral degree in 2003 from the Department of Political Sciences at Freie Universität Berlin, writing on the European Information Society and the interrelationship between European integration and networks of governance of science, technology and innovation on the European level. In addition to holding research positions and lecturer positions at Humboldt University, Freie Universität Berlin, Technical University of Berlin and the University of Innsbruck, she also designed and managed governmental programs to support microsystems technologies and other emerging technologies at VDI/VDE-IT, a project management organization commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).

Susanne Giesecke is a senior scientist at the Austrian Institute of Technology’s Center for Innovation Systems and Policy. A political scientist by training, she presently works on qualitative innovation research and Grand Challenges, technology assessment; evaluation of R&D programmes as well as foresight. She has been engaged in several research projects and foresights as well as foresight networks, and the future of Health and Health Policy. Latest projects of hers have dealt the international Foresight Community in Europe and beyond (network and training projects EFP (“European Foresight Platform”) and IFA (“International Foresight Academy”)), the governance of converging technologies in the health sector (project “Personal Health System Foresight”) and the identification of Grand Challenges for the European Research Area (project ”Forward Visions for the European Research Area). Next to research projects, Dr. Giesecke’s work is dedicated to a broad participatory approach, involving stakeholders and other experts into the problem solving of future societal challenges.

Alejandro Aguado received the Graduate degrees in mathematics and computer science from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, in 2014. He worked with Telefonica I+D collaborating as a Researcher in FP7 European projects (STRAUSS, IDEALIST, and ONE). He worked also as a Research Associate in the topics of software defined networking and network functions virtualization at the High Performance Networks group, University of Bristol, Bristol, contributing in FP7 (Strauss, Lightness), H2020 (Replicate) and EPSRC (Toucan, QCommsHub) projects. He is currently a researcher and a PhD student in the Center for Computational Simulation at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, working on the integration of quantum key distribution technologies in next generation network paradigms.

Vladyslav Usenko, a senior post-doctoral researcher at the Department of Optics, is a principal investigator of four national and co-investigator of two international projects. Dr. Usenko authored over 30 publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals including Nature Communications. He has extensive experience in the fields of quantum optics and quantum information, in particular, in CV QKD, with relevant results including development of novel protocols such as unidimensional coherent-state protocol, security analysis of the protocol implementations in experimental-theoretical collaboration, analysis of the role of trusted and untrusted noise in the protocol implementations. Dr. Usenko had analysed the impact of multimode structure of states and detectors as well as relevant side channels on security of CV QKD and suggested noise addition and residual noise monitoring as counter-measures against side-channel losses and noise respectively. He had also extensively studied the role of nonclassicality of signal states, which he had shown to make the protocols more robust against low post-processing efficiency and channel excess noise, and suggested optimal use of classical and quantum resources in CV QKD protocols.

Radim Filip  is a Professor at the Department of Optics. He had been awarded an Alexander von Humboldt fellowship for senior researchers at MPL in Erlangen (2005-2006). He has received the Special Recognition of Czech Science Foundation (2007), the Alexander von Humboldt Return Fellowship (2007) and the Prize of President of Czech Science Foundation (2006). He was a visiting professor at MPL in Erlangen (Germany), DTU in Lyngby (Denmark) and ENS Paris-Cachan (France). He was principal investigator of six national and international projects, including EU-funded FP7 BRISQ2 project. Prof. Filip authored over 150 publications in international high-impact peer-reviewed journals (including 2 letters in Nature Physics, 1 in Nature Communications, 1 in NPJ Quantum Information, 17 in Physical Review Letter and 9 in Scientific Reports), which have collected more than 1500 citations (excluding self-citations). His research is focused on the development of methods for control, manipulation and verification of nonclassical quantum states of light and atoms, in particular, in application to CV QKD. He was the first to show feasibility of CV QKD with noisy coherent states, studied possibilities to purify the states for CV QKD tasks, and contributed to the major developments in the field of CV QKD at the Department.

Ulrik L. Andersen is a full professor in experimental quantum optics, heading the section for Quantum Physics and Information Technology (QPIT) at DTU Physics, leading the Center of Excellence on Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ, 2017-2027), and being one of three scientific directors of a National Center on Quantum Technology (2016-2021). He is also heading a cross-disciplinary center on quantum technology at DTU (www.quantum.dtu.dk). Over the course of his career he has made a very broad range of significant, high-impact contributions to quantum optics, technology, and information including the development of new techniques to generate, control and optimally measure non-classical states of light (Gaussian, non-Gaussian and entangled states). His impact is reflected by the publication of 9 articles in Nature magazines, 32 articles in Physical Review Letters and 4 invited review articles. For these contributions he won several prizes, e.g. the advanced Sapere Aude award in 2015 and the highly prestigious Eliteforsk prize of the Danish Research Council in 2013.

Tobias Gehring obtained his PhD in 2013 at the Leibniz University Hannover. After a postdoc from 2013 to 2015 at DTU he was appointed tenure tracked Assistant Professor by the same university. His field of expertise is continuous variable quantum information, in particular continuous-variable quantum key distribution with entangled and coherent states. He performed several first-ever experiments in quantum key distribution, for instance the implementation of a CVQKD protocol with security against coherent attacks and a measurement-device independent QKD protocol. He has published more than 50 papers in refereed international journals from which 8 are in Nature magazines and 7 in PRL. He is one of the organizers of the international conference Central European Workshop on Quantum Optics in 2017.

Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen is a senior researcher in the section for Quantum Physics and Information Technology (QPIT) and in the bigQ Center for Macroscopic Quantum States. He obtained his PhD from the Niels Bohr Institute at University of Copenhagen in 2008. His PhD work on generation of non-Gaussian quantum states of light has become a cornerstone in the field of hybrid continuous variable–discrete variable QIP. He continued along this path for 3 years at the National Institute of Information and Communication Technology (NICT) in Tokyo, Japan. His results there include entanglement distillation and teleportation by hybrid CV–DV means, central to the topics in WP9. Through winning the competitive grants Sapere Aude Research Talent and VILLUM Foundation Young Investigator he established himself within QPIT at DTU Physics, with research interests spanning optical QIP, non-classical and macroscopic quantum states, quantum opto-mechanics, and cavity QED.

Nitin Jain is a postdoc at DTU Physics. He obtained his PhD from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in 2015. In this work, performed at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, he successfully investigated several security loopholes on a commercial QKD platform from ID Quantique. Thereafter, as a postdoc at Northwestern University, he worked on the development and optimization of novel quantum communication systems based on quantum frequency conversion (QFC). Notably, he demonstrated the first QFC temporal mode sorting system in a four-dimensional Hilbert space. He also performed ground-breaking experiments on quantum state engineering at the few-photon level during his M.Sc. at the University of Calgary. Before embarking on this research career, he worked as a software engineer at NVIDIA Graphics in India, developing video codecs for handheld devices. He is a recipient of the National Talent Search Exam Award (India), and in 2006, he was recognized among the top 10% performers in NVIDIA worldwide.

Darko Zibar received the M.Sc. degree in telecommunication and the Ph.D. degree in optical communications from the Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, in 2004 and 2007, respectively. He was a Visiting Researcher with the Optoelectronic Research Group, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, in 2006 and 2008, where he worked on coherent receivers for analog optical links. In 2009, he was a Visiting Researcher with Nokia-Siemens Networks, where he worked on clock recovery techniques for polarization multiplexed systems. He is currently an Associate Professor at DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark. His research interests include development and application of machine learning methods to optical communication and optical fibre sensing systems. He is a recipient of Young Researcher Award by University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, in 2016, for his contributions to applications of machine learning techniques to optical technologies. He was also part of the team that won the HORIZON 2020 prize for breaking the optical transmission barriers.

Romain Alléaume is Associate Professor at Télécom ParisTech. He is leading a research activity on quantum cryptography, in particular quantum key distribution (QKD) as well as on cross-disciplinary topics linking quantum information with cryptography, networking and security. He graduated from ENS Paris in 2002 and from Télécom ParisTech in 2004. He completed his PhD, from Paris VI university, in 2004 and was co-recipient of “magazine La Recherche” scientific prize. Romain Alléaume then joined Télécom ParisTech and coordinated the activity on QKD performed within the European FP6 project SECOQC. This project led to the first QKD network deployment in Europe, in 2008. After being laureate of two prizes at the « concours national de créations d’entreprises innovantes » in 2007 and 2008, Romain Alléaume co-founded the start-up company SeQureNet. Spin-off of Télécom ParisTech, SeQureNet has developed, and successfully commercialized the first continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system in 2013. Romain Alléaume has participated to more than ten National or European research projects during the past 10 years. He has supervised 4 PhDs and published more than 40 publications in international journal or conferences. He also holds 4 patents Romain Alléaume is a founding member of the ETSI QKD Industry Standardization Group and actively contributes to the international effort aiming at bridging the gap between quantum technology and industry.

Cédric Ware is an Associate Professor in Télécom ParisTech (formerly ENST, Paris). He was educated in École Normale Supérieure (Paris), then ENST, which he joined as an academic staff member in 1998. He holds M. Sc. (1996), M. Eng. (1998), Ph. D. (2003) and Habilitation (2013) degrees. His research activities have followed the thread of all-optical and opto-electronic functionalities, such as clock recovery, optical CDMA, optical packet switching. He is now transitioning towards optical networking, towards a goal of cross-layer optimization of both performance and energy consumption. Author or co-author of over 60 publications and communications, he has participated in several French and European projects. He was a national delegate for the European COST Action 288 on Nanoscale and Ultrafast Photonics; and he led Joint Experimental Activities in the European Networks of Excellence e-Photon/ONe+ and Euro-Fos. He has driven or taken part in several international collaborations and exchange programs, including a sabbatical stay in Columbia University (New York). He lectures on topics ranging from Quantum Mechanics to Optical Networking, and coordinates the M. Sc. on Optical Networking and Photonic Systems, part of the Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree SMARTNET.

Yves Jaouën received the Ph.D degree in Physics from Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications (ENST), Paris, France in 1993, then his HDR (Research management certificate) in 2003. He had joined ENST (now Télécom ParisTech) in the Communications and Electronics department in 1982 where he is currently a Full Professor. He is lecturing in the domain of electromagnetic fields, optics and optical communications systems. His present researches include high bit rate coherent optical communication systems including digital signal processing aspects, new characterization techniques for advanced photonic devices, high power fiber lasers, fiber optics and remote sensing. He is author or co-author of over 230 papers in journals and communications.

Gabriel Charlet was born in Rueil Malmaison (France) in 1976. Dr. Charlet received an engineering degree from the École Supérieure d’Optique in 1999 (Orsay, France) and a PhD in physics in 2011 from University Paris XI. He joined Alcatel Research and Innovation (now Nokia Bell Labs) in 2000. Since then he has been working on WDM transmission systems and realized several multi-terabit/s transmission records. He also addressed the topic of advanced modulation formats. Since 2016, he has been appointed director of the coding, processing and transmission research group which intends to further increase total bit rate transported in an optical fiber without compromising the transmission reach. He is the first author of more than 40 papers including 10 Postdeadline papers in major conferences and more than 35 patents. In 2007, he received the “Fabry de Gramont” award for my work on fiber optics communication and advanced modulation formats. In 2010, he has been selected by the Technology Review from MIT (TR35) as one the 35 innovators below 35 years for my work on 100Gbit/s product using coherent detection. In 2011, he has been selected by Fast Company as one of the 100 most creative people in business and received also the World Technology award in communication technology.

Jeremie Renaudier is a distinguished member of technical staff in optical WDM transmission systems and is the head of the optical transmission department at Nokia Bell Labs, France. He received the M.S. degree in optical communications and networks from Telecom Bretagne, Brest, France in 2002, and the Ph.D. degree from the Telecom Paris, Paris, France, in 2006. His Ph.D. thesis dealt with the application of optical nonlinear effects in compound semiconductor devices for high bit rate systems. His doctoral work contributed to the first demonstration of all-optical clock recovery using mode-locked lasers at 40Gb/s. Since joining Bell Labs 11 years ago, he has been primarily working on advanced modulation formats together with coherent detection and digital signal processing for long-haul and ultra-long-haul optical fiber transmissions at 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s. His work contributed to several multi-Terabit/s transmission records. For the past few years, he has been extensively involved in forward-looking research for beyond 100G transmission systems employing coherent receivers, demonstrating long-haul and ultra-long haul transmissions at up to 1 Tb/s data rate. He has authored or co-authored over 100 journal and conference papers, and holds over 30 patents in optical communications.

Iñigo Artundo obtained the M.Sc. in Telecom Engineering at the Universidad Publica de Navarra (Pamplona, Spain) in 2005, and received his Ph.D. in Applied Physics and Photonics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Brussels, Belgium) in 2009. He has been involved in several national and European research projects and networks of excellence focused on optical telecom and interconnects, micro-optics and photonic integration. He has worked as a reviewer for several scientific journals, national and international funding agencies. He holds specializations in Business Financing, Commercial Management and Research, and Strategic Marketing. He is a member of IEEE, SPIE and COIT.Click here to add your own text

Carlos Abellan is a co-founder and the Chief Executive of Quside. He got his PhD in the field of quantum technologies from ICFO, where he specialized in the industrialization of this emerging field for encryption and supercomputing applications. He’s an author of +10 scientific articles, a contributor to multiple international conferences and an inventor of various patents. He’s been named MIT Innovator under 35 Europe 2018 and is also active on dissemination of science and technology, with contributions such as a TEDx talk, the Pint of Science festival, or articles for general reach as IEEE Spectrum.

Domenico Tulli is co-founder and CTO of Quside. He got his PhD in Photonics from ICFO. After his PhD he moved to UC Davis as an associate researcher working on integrated photonic devices. He has +10 years of experience in design and fabrication of photonic components on multiple platforms. Prior to his current position, he was the Device team leader at DAS Photonics, where he developed advanced components for space and telecom/defence applications. He has been the principal investigator in several EU funded (FP7, H2020) projects and serves as an independent expert. He has published +30 papers in international journals and conferences and holds 1 patent.

Paraskevas Bakopoulos received his Diploma and Ph.D degrees from the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece. He worked for 14 years as a researcher and senior researcher at NTUA and since August 2017 he is a senior staff engineer at Mellanox Technologies. His research interests focus on optical interconnects and optical switching in datacenter networks. He has authored or co-authored more than 110 peer-reviewed articles and conference papers and holds 2 patents. He is actively involved in several European projects and has participated in technical program committees of photonics-related events.

Sébastien Canard, is a research engineer at the R&D department of the Orange Group. His main specialty is the security of the services. He is specialized on cryptography for the privacy protection and the anonymity of users in their telecommunication services. He holds an engineer qualification, a PhD and has obtained his Habilitation Thesis (HDR) on Cryptography from the University of Caen. He has published more than 30 papers in (peer-reviewed) international journals and conferences and holds about 20 patents on cryptographic protocols and their direct applications. He has managed several PhD students on cryptographic tools for privacy protection.

Naveena Genay received a Ph.D. degree from the University of Montpellier in 1999. In 1996, she joined the Orange Labs in Lannion to do research work on components for optical access network. In 2000, she joined Corvis Algety France, a start-up from Orange Labs (France Telecom R&D) which supply optical equipment for long-haul at high bit rates. She has contributed on product development for 10 Gbit/s WDM transmission systems. Since 2004, she joined Orange Labs where she is presently engaged in research on the next generation optical access network. Her main activities include migration scenarios for the upgrade of present solutions based on Gigabit PON technology. She has been in charge of French Projects on next generation optical access such as EPOD (ANR) and TRILOB (DGCIS). She was also involved in GOLD project (Celtic) focused on hybrid optical and copper architecture (FTTdp: Fiber To The distribution point) relying on enhanced data rate over twisted copper pair using G.fast technology. She is at present conducting research studies on very high data rate targeting beyond 50Gbit/s for the optical access network.

Erwan Pincemin graduated from Ecole Supérieure d’Optique (SupOptique), Orsay, France and from Université Paris XI, Orsay, France in “Optics and Photonics” both in 1996. In 1997, he joined Alcatel Alsthom Recherche, Marcoussis, France where he worked on dispersion-managed soliton propagation and optical regeneration for 40 Gbps WDM submarine transmission systems. In 2000, he is enrolled by France Telecom R&D, Lannion, France where he worked on high-speed optical terrestrial transmission systems at 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps and beyond. He participated to several European collaborative projects (NOBEL I & II, e-Photon-One …). More recently, in Orange Labs, Lannion, France, he is in charge of research on 100 Gbps and beyond optical transmissions, including advanced modulation format, coherent detection, digital mitigation of fiber impairments, and has also some key contributions on flexible optical networking, in particular through his participation to the European FOX-C and CELTIC SASER consortia. Recently as well, he starts working on quantum communications through his participation to the European H2020 Flagship CiViQ project. He is currently involved in OpenROADM and ITU-T standardization process through his activities on interworking of 100 Gbps and beyond optical interfaces in the Study Group 15 Question 6 and Question 11. He is author and co-author of more than 130 journal and conference papers and 28 patents. Erwan Pincemin served as member and sub-committee chair of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Europe from 2011 to 2017 and participated from 2007 to 2010 and again since 2017 to the technical program committee of the Optical Fibre Communications Conference (OFC).

Diego R. López joined Telefonica I+D in 2011 as a Senior Technology Expert on network middleware and services. He is currently in charge of the Technology Exploration activities within the GCTO Unit of Telefónica I+D. Before joining Telefónica he spent some years in the academic sector, dedicated to research on network service abstractions and the development of APIs based on them. During this period, he was appointed as member of the High-level Expert Group on Scientific Data Infrastructures by the European Commission. Diego is currently focused on identifying and evaluating new opportunities in technologies applicable to network infrastructures, and the coordination of national and international collaboration activities. His current interests are related to network virtualization, infrastructural services, network management, new network architectures, and network security. He chairs the ETSI ISG on Network Function Virtualization, and has published more than 100 papers and supervised several PhD theses on the matters related to Software Networks, network security and network middleware. Apart from this, Diego is a more than acceptable Iberian ham carver, and extremely fond of seeking and enjoying comics, and good discussions on any (in)appropriate matter.

Antonio Pastor-Perales is a security expert for the network virtualization unit at the Global CTIO Unit, within Telefónica I+D. He joined Telefónica I+D in 1999 where he worked on design and deployment and support engineering of different worldwide Telefónica networks. Since 2006 he has been working as an expert in network security, and recently he is working in SDN and NFV technologies oriented to security and network where he is co-author of several patent and has several more filed. He also holds several security certifications from ISACA and GIA and published several papers.

Gino Carrozzo holds an Italian Laurea degree “cum laude” in Electronic Engineering and a Ph.D. in Telecommunications Networks, both from the University of Pisa. He has 18+ years’ experience in telecommunication networks, with special focus on control plane architectures and protocols: 5G, SDN/NFV/MEC, GMPLS/ASON, MPLS-TP. These skills matured through the active participation in industrial projects with some of the major networking companies (Ericsson, Nokia/Alcatel-Lucent, Siemens, Italtel), consultancies for network operators (GTT, WindTre) and R&D projects with leading Telco industries and renowned universities and research centres. At Nextworks, an Italian R&D SME, Gino currently holds the position of Deputy Head of R&D and leads a team of 15 researches involved in various industrial contracts and projects co-funded by the EC under various ICT programs. His research activities are currently focused on 5G, SDN/NFV, with an emphasis on network slicing, end-to-end 5G network, 5G KPI validation, NFV Orchestration with ETSI OSM, MEC and various 5G use cases network and media verticals (e.g. UHD distribution over virtual CDNs).

Giacomo Bernini received the Italian Laurea degree in Telecommunication Engineering from the University of Pisa, Italy, in 2006. In 2007 he worked as network systems consultant and contributed to the development of a wholesale order management platform for Vodafone Italy. Currently he is R&D Technical Coordinator at Nextworks, and his research interests include SDN, NFV, 5G network slicing and orchestration. He participated to design, development and demonstration activities in several FP6, FP7 and H2020 projects (PHOSPHORUS, GEYSERS,  ETICS, MAINS, CONTENT, TRILOGY 2, PACE, LIGHTNESS, MONROE, ORCHESTRA, SELFNET), as well as to industrial projects on WSON GMPLS, Multi-Layer PCE, and NFV technologies among the others. He is currently active, beyond CiViQ, in the H2020 5G-EVE, SLICENET and 5G-MEDIA projects, and he is contributing in ETSI NFV as leader of the Specialist Task Forces on NFV API conformance test specification (STF 557) and OpenAPI specification for NFV (STF 563).